Purpose: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an antiinflammatory cytokines and concerns with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, or inflammatory bowel diseases. IL-10-1082G, -819C and -592A alleles are associated with increased production of IL-10. We aimed to investigate the association of IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphism with the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases of preterm infants. Methods: A total of 91 preterm infants below 34 weeks of gestational age were analyzed for IL-10 -1082G/A, -819T/C and -592C/A alleles using Taqman® assay. We reviewed the medical records for the clinical variables and neonatal diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), early onset sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia ( PVL), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Results: The frequencies of IL-10 high producer alleles are: 9% for -1082G, 63% for -819C, 63% for -592A. Gestational age and birth weight were not different among each of the polymorphisms. The frequency of ROP was higher in -1082GA group (n=8) compared to -1082AA group (n=83) (37.5% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.008). The development of RDS, BPD, early onset sepsis, IVH/PVL, NEC was not associated with IL-10 polymorphisms. Maternal history of premature rupture of membranes or chorioamnionitis was not different between IL-10 high producer group and controls. Conclusion: IL-10-1082GA genotype or -1082G allele can be a possible risk genetic variant for the development of ROP. We need larger population study in the future.